There is high prevalence of communicable diseases, including malaria, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis (TB) and diarrhoea, as well as a rising incidence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), such as cardiovascular disease, cancers, chronic respiratory disease, diabetes mellitus and sickle cell diseases.

Healthcare is variable throughout Ghana. Urban centers are well served, and are where most hospitals, clinics, and pharmacies in the country can be found.

Rural areas often have no modern healthcare services. Patients in these areas either rely on traditional African medicine or travel great distances for healthcare. Most healthcare is provided by the government and is largely administered by the Ministry of Health and Ghana Health Services. The healthcare system has five levels of providers: health posts, health centers and clinics, district hospitals, regional hospitals and tertiary hospitals. Health posts are the first level of primary care for rural areas.